Practiced in China for more than 2,000 years, acupuncture involves inserting needles into specific points on the skin and rotating them; the needles may be left in place for a period of time. Some acupuncturists transmit electrical stimulation through the needles, while others employ low intensity laser beams instead of needles.
How acupuncture may work is speculative. One theory is that it inhibits painful stimuli by activating the body’s pain control system. This theory is again supported by the fact that when patients are given naloxone, the analgesic effect of acupuncture is reversed. Or acupuncture may stimulate nerve fibers that compete with fibers transmitting the pain messages.
Acupuncture has been used to treat a variety of kinds of pain from backaches and headaches to dental problems in China it is even used as anesthesia for some patients undergoing surgery. It appears to be effective as short term treatment; few studies have looked at its long term effectiveness. Several studies indicate that anywhere from 40% to 80% of subjects may benefit. Researchers have found that acupuncture can be effective even for animals in pain.
Special risks are involved, however. Incorrectly inserted needles can Cause tissue swelling or even organ damage. If the needles are not sterilized or the skin not adequately cleaned infection may result. Because of the risk of AIDS and hepatitis, disposable needles are recommended. Electric stimulation through needles should not be used on a person with a pacemaker, fever or irregular heartbeat. Choose a state licensed, boat certificate practitioner (if certification is available in your state).
Hypnosis One of the most widespread uses of medical hypnosis is for pain control. Despite popular notions a hypnotherapist doesn’t put a person to sleep and then simply command him not to feel pain. Instead the therapist establishes a rapport with the subject, promotes muscle relaxation, produces a trancelike state and through suggestion tries to shift the subject’s attention away from the pain. One way or another pain is tuned out and thus reduced in some people. Individuals vary greatly in their ability to be hypnotized, however its estimated that about half of all people can maintain a moderate trance. Temperament, imagination, motivation and trust in the therapist are vital factors. With training, some people can practice self-hypnosis.
Studies have found hypnosis most effective in lessening acute pain for instance, pain caused by a dental procedure or burns. In a small number of people, hypnosis has even served as the sole anesthesia during surgery. It may also help control persistent pain, as in certain cancers.
Next Week “Relaxation techniques and biofeedback”.
Article extracted from this publication >> August 25, 1989
